West Nile Virus Veterinary and Wildlife Information
Maps and Information from the USGS:
The United States Geological Survey (USGS), National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) tests wild birds and mammals for West Nile virus infection. The data and research provided by USGS, NWHC assists state and federal agencies in WNV response and control.
- Veterinary Cases - Data may include pets, livestock, and wildlife (other that wild birds).
- Sentinel Chicken Surveillance - Sentinel chickens are flocks that serve as surveillance for West Nile virus. Data provided by local health officials reflects positive blood samples from sentinel chickens with antibodies to the virus.
- Wild Bird Cases - Data represents the geographical distribution of confirmed cases of West Nile virus infected wild birds.
- USGS, National Wildlife Health Center West Nile Virus page
Information from the USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS):
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) - West Nile Virus Fact Sheet
- CDC and Fort Dodge Animal Health Achieve First Licensed DNA Vaccine. CDC Press Release, July 18, 2005.
- APHIS - Questions & Answers About West Nile Virus
- APHIS - West Nile Virus Surveillance
- APHIS Veterinary Services - West Nile Virus
- APHIS Report: West Nile Virus in Equids in the Northeastern United States in 2000 (pdf)
Equine Health Advisories from the American Horse Council:
- West Nile Virus Update-March 24, 2000
- Europe Lifts West Nile Virus Restrictions on Import of U.S. Horses, February 3, 2000
- International Restrictions of Horses Due to West Nile Virus as of 12/17/99
- Europe Bans Import of U.S. Horses Originating in New York, Connecticut and New Jersey, November 2, 1999
Additional Veterinary/ Wildlife Information on WNV:
Below are links to additional veterinary/wildlife information from various sources, including the U.S. Animal Health Association.
- ASPCA Sends Bio Alert to Veterinarians Regarding Spraying for West Nile Virus - Oct 09, 2002
- West Nile Virus in Birds - New York State Department of Health
- West Nile Virus Dogs and Cats - New York City Department of Health
- West Nile Virus Update - Winged Wisdom Pet Bird Magazine
Scientific Journal Articles:
Below are selected journal articles on veterinary/wildlife and the West Nile virus, including an article from the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. Additional journal articles from various sources are accessed through PubMed, a bibliographic database from the National Institutes of Health. If you would like to see an article posted below that is currently not listed, please email NPIC with your request at comments form.
- Fatal West Nile Virus Infection in a White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). J Wildl Dis, 2005;41(1): 246-249.
- West Nile Virus Infection in Farmed American Alligators (Alligator Mississippiensis) in Florida. J Wildl Dis, 2005;41(1): 96-106.
- West Nile Virus Encephalitis in a Dog. Vet Pathol, 2005; 42(2): 219-222.
- West Nile Virus Outbreak in North American Owls, Ontario, 2002. Emerg Infect Dis 2004 Dec;10(12).
- Alligators as West Nile Virus Amplifiers. Emerg Infect Dis 2004 Dec;10(12).
- Differential Virulence of West Nile Strains for American Crows. Emerg Infect Dis 2004 Dec;10(12).
- VecTest as Diagnostic and Surveillance Tool for West Nile Virus in Dead Birds. Emerg Infect Dis 2004 Dec;10(12).
- Detecting West Nile Virus in Owls and Raptures by Antigen-capture Assay. Emerg Infect Dis 2004 Dec;10(12).
- West Nile Virus Encephalitis in a Barbary Macaque (Macaca sylvanus). Emerg Infect Dis 2004 Apr;10(4).
- Dead Bird Clusters as an Early Warning System for West Nile Virus Activity. Emerg Infect Dis 2003 Jun;9(6).
- Exposure of Domestic Mammals to West Nile Virus during an Outbreak of Human Encephalitis, New York City, 1999. Emerg Infect Dis 2001 Jul-Aug;7(4).
- Characterization of West Nile Virus from Five Species of Mosquitoes, Nine Species of Birds, and One Mammal. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2001. 951:328-331.
- West Nile Virus Infection in Birds and Mammals. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2001. 951:84-93.
- Migratory birds and spread of West Nile virus in the Western Hemisphere. Emerg Infect Dis 2000 Jul-Aug;6(4):319-28.
- Recovery and identification of West Nile virus from a hawk in winter. J Clin Microbiol 2000 Aug;38(8):3110-1.
- Pathology of fatal West Nile virus infections in native and exotic birds during the 1999 outbreak in New York City, New York. Vet Pathol 2000 May;37(3):208-24.
- Prevalence of Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viral infections in pig population in and around Chandigarh. J Commun Dis 1999 Jun;31(2):113-6.
- Susceptibility of dogs to West Nile virus: a survey and pathogenicity trial. J Comp Pathol 1989 Jan;100(1):59-66.
